Environmental&ESGGlossary

A tradeable certificate representing one metric ton of CO2 equivalent emissions that has been reduced, avoided, or removed from the atmosphere through verified projects.

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced directly and indirectly by human activities, typically expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2e).

Achieving a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere through carbon removal projects or offsetting emissions with carbon credits.

A reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made to compensate for emissions produced elsewhere.

A global non-profit organization that runs the world's environmental disclosure system, helping companies and cities disclose their environmental impact.

European Union directive that requires companies to report on sustainability matters, including environmental, social and governance factors.

A set of criteria used to evaluate a company's performance in environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and corporate governance.

The most widely used international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions.

An international independent organization that helps businesses and other organizations take responsibility for their impacts by providing global standards for sustainability reporting.

A global certificate system providing reliable tracking of renewable energy generation and consumption across international borders.

A standard-setting body that develops sustainability disclosure standards for global capital markets.

Turkey's Public Oversight, Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority, established in 2011 to regulate accounting and auditing standards, oversee audit firms and auditors, and ensure compliance with international financial reporting standards including IFRS and Turkish Sustainability Reporting Standards (TSRS).

A systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal.

Achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere, resulting in zero net emissions.

A legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted in 2015, aiming to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

A contract between two parties, one which generates electricity and one which is looking to purchase electricity.

A global corporate renewable energy initiative bringing together influential businesses committed to 100 percent renewable electricity.

A tradeable certificate that represents the environmental attributes of one megawatt-hour of renewable electricity generation.

A partnership that drives ambitious climate action in the private sector by enabling organizations to set science-based emissions reduction targets.

Direct greenhouse gas emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the reporting organization, such as fuel combustion in company vehicles.

Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the consumption of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling consumed by the reporting organization.

All other indirect greenhouse gas emissions that occur in a company's value chain, including both upstream and downstream emissions.

Greenhouse gas emissions generated throughout a company's supply chain, from raw material extraction to final product delivery.

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, balancing environmental, social, and economic considerations.

Recommendations for more effective climate-related disclosures that promote more informed investment, credit, and insurance underwriting decisions.

Turkey's national sustainability reporting standards that align with international frameworks while addressing local regulatory requirements and business practices.

A decentralized market where private actors voluntarily buy and sell carbon credits to meet self-imposed emissions reduction goals.

An initiative focused on ensuring voluntary carbon markets accelerate the transition to net zero emissions and support sustainable development globally.

A widely used voluntary greenhouse gas program that certifies emission reductions against requirements for additionality, permanence, and sustainable development.

Turkey's national renewable energy certificate system, providing guarantees of origin for renewable electricity production.